CADBURY NIGERIA PLC

CADBURY      23.65 NGN    0.10 ( 0.42 %)

Open
23.55
High
23.75
Low
23.65
Close
23.65
Year High
32.00
Year Low
15.25
Volumn
610,514
Value
14,581,315.00


Company News

Cadbury Nigeria reports N28.3 billion pre-tax loss for 2024 despite 60% revenue growth

Wed, 02 Apr 2025 14:50:36 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Nigeria reports N28.3 billion pre-tax loss for 2024 despite 60% revenue growth    Nairametrics read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2024 Annual Report

Tue, 01 Apr 2025 14:03:33 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2024 Annual Report    AfricanFinancials read more

Cadbury Nigeria posts N28.3bn loss amid 2024 revenue surge

Wed, 02 Apr 2025 19:02:00 GMT — Blueprint Newspapers Limited
Cadbury Nigeria posts N28.3bn loss amid 2024 revenue surge    Blueprint Newspapers Limited read more

Cadbury Nigeria records N22bn loss for 2024

Tue, 01 Apr 2025 15:50:05 GMT — PM News Nigeria
Cadbury Nigeria records N22bn loss for 2024    PM News Nigeria read more

Investors’ Sentiments Boost Cadbury Nigeria’s Value by 22%

Sun, 24 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Investors’ Sentiments Boost Cadbury Nigeria’s Value by 22%    MarketForces Africa read more

Cadbury Nigeria incurs N12bn loss on higher costs

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Cadbury Nigeria incurs N12bn loss on higher costs    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria PLC - Can the recent Stock Price Surge be sustained?

Fri, 06 Dec 2024 01:09:00 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria PLC - Can the recent Stock Price Surge be sustained?    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2024 Abridged Report

Tue, 04 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2024 Abridged Report    AfricanFinancials read more

Cadbury Celebrates Operational Resilience, Pledges Value Creation for Stakeholders

Mon, 17 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — THISDAYLIVE
Cadbury Celebrates Operational Resilience, Pledges Value Creation for Stakeholders    THISDAYLIVE read more

Cadbury Nigeria marks 60th anniversary

Fri, 21 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
Cadbury Nigeria marks 60th anniversary    Punch Newspapers read more

Cadbury Nigeria marks 60th anniversary

Sun, 16 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
Cadbury Nigeria marks 60th anniversary    The Nation Newspaper read more

Cadbury Nigeria Slightly as Investors Increase Positions

Thu, 06 Mar 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Slightly as Investors Increase Positions    MarketForces Africa read more

Cadbury Nigeria appoints Adeboye as first female MD

Mon, 16 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Cadbury Nigeria appoints Adeboye as first female MD    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc records 65% increase in pre-tax losses in first nine months of 2024

Mon, 28 Oct 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Nigeria Plc records 65% increase in pre-tax losses in first nine months of 2024    Nairametrics read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc Declares N9.72bn Loss in H1 2024 Results, (SP:N18.50)

Tue, 30 Jul 2024 11:17:05 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria Plc Declares N9.72bn Loss in H1 2024 Results, (SP:N18.50)    Proshare read more

Here are 5 highlights from Cadbury Nigeria’s first-half results

Wed, 07 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Here are 5 highlights from Cadbury Nigeria’s first-half results    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria’s Tax Credit Reduces Loss by 33% to N9.7bn

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria’s Tax Credit Reduces Loss by 33% to N9.7bn    MarketForces Africa read more

Equity Research Report - Cadbury Nigeria Plc - 240311

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 06:59:25 GMT — Proshare
Equity Research Report - Cadbury Nigeria Plc - 240311    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc Announces the Appointment of Mrs Afolasade Olowe as the Company’s Secretary

Tue, 08 Oct 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria Plc Announces the Appointment of Mrs Afolasade Olowe as the Company’s Secretary    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria Bounces Back with ₦2 Billion Pre-Tax Profit in Q4 2024

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — TV360 Nigeria
Cadbury Nigeria Bounces Back with ₦2 Billion Pre-Tax Profit in Q4 2024    TV360 Nigeria read more

Cadbury Nigeria PLC (NGX: CADBURY) | Share Price

Mon, 20 May 2024 22:51:03 GMT — AskTraders.com
Cadbury Nigeria PLC (NGX: CADBURY) | Share Price    AskTraders.com read more

Cadbury Nigeria grows sales by 51%

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 08:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
Cadbury Nigeria grows sales by 51%    The Nation Newspaper read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc’s Market Value Rises 10% Ahead of Earnings

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Plc’s Market Value Rises 10% Ahead of Earnings    MarketForces Africa read more

Cadbury Nigeria grows revenue by 51% in Q3 2024

Thu, 05 Dec 2024 08:00:00 GMT — The Sun Nigeria
Cadbury Nigeria grows revenue by 51% in Q3 2024    The Sun Nigeria read more

Cadbury marks 60 years of resilience, pledges commitment to value creation

Thu, 20 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
Cadbury marks 60 years of resilience, pledges commitment to value creation    The Guardian Nigeria News read more

Cadbury Nigeria’s first half-year 2024 improvement: Time to Buy, Hold, or Sell?

Mon, 05 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Nigeria’s first half-year 2024 improvement: Time to Buy, Hold, or Sell?    Nairametrics read more

Bunmi Oni Wins Court Case

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 20:29:10 GMT — Proshare
Bunmi Oni Wins Court Case    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria recovers to N2 billion pre-tax profit in Q4 2024, cuts full-year loss by 47%

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Nigeria recovers to N2 billion pre-tax profit in Q4 2024, cuts full-year loss by 47%    Nairametrics read more

Gains in 29 stocks lift capitalisation by N26 billion

Wed, 26 Mar 2025 03:39:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
Gains in 29 stocks lift capitalisation by N26 billion    The Guardian Nigeria News read more

Cadbury records N10.4bn loss

Tue, 28 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
Cadbury records N10.4bn loss    Punch Newspapers read more

Lawson joins Cadbury Nigeria board as non-executive director

Tue, 06 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
Lawson joins Cadbury Nigeria board as non-executive director    The Guardian Nigeria News read more

CADBURY Appoints Mrs. Oyeyimika Adeboye as New MD and Mr. Ogaga Ologe as Finance Director

Fri, 17 Jan 2025 08:51:40 GMT — Proshare
CADBURY Appoints Mrs. Oyeyimika Adeboye as New MD and Mr. Ogaga Ologe as Finance Director    Proshare read more

Cadbury, Nestlé lead other manufacturers in borrowing cost growth

Mon, 13 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Cadbury, Nestlé lead other manufacturers in borrowing cost growth    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria Records 51% Revenue Growth in 9 months

Wed, 11 Dec 2024 20:01:19 GMT — Brand Times
Cadbury Nigeria Records 51% Revenue Growth in 9 months    Brand Times read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc to Hold EGM on February 8th 2024 to Discuss Special Businesses

Wed, 10 Jul 2024 20:57:19 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria Plc to Hold EGM on February 8th 2024 to Discuss Special Businesses    Proshare read more

15 listed firms owe N3.6tn – Report

Mon, 20 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
15 listed firms owe N3.6tn – Report    Punch Newspapers read more

Kolade hails Cadbury’s commitment to better workforce at 60

Sun, 23 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
Kolade hails Cadbury’s commitment to better workforce at 60    The Nation Newspaper read more

Bunmi Lawson joins Cadbury Nigeria board as non-executive director

Tue, 13 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Sun Nigeria
Bunmi Lawson joins Cadbury Nigeria board as non-executive director    The Sun Nigeria read more

Forex loan conversion increases core investor’s stake in Cadbury Nigeria to 79.4%

Wed, 22 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
Forex loan conversion increases core investor’s stake in Cadbury Nigeria to 79.4%    The Nation Newspaper read more

NGX lists 402 million shares of Cadbury Nigeria worth N7.036 billion

Sat, 18 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
NGX lists 402 million shares of Cadbury Nigeria worth N7.036 billion    Nairametrics read more

CADBURY Appoints Mr. Adedotun Sulaiman As Board Chairman

Fri, 12 Jul 2024 02:50:29 GMT — Proshare
CADBURY Appoints Mr. Adedotun Sulaiman As Board Chairman    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria grows revenue by 43% in Q1’24

Tue, 07 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Vanguard News
Cadbury Nigeria grows revenue by 43% in Q1’24    Vanguard News read more

Cadbury Nigeria finance director resigns

Wed, 08 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Cadbury Nigeria finance director resigns    Businessday NG read more

CADBURY Appoints Mr. Nigel Parsons As Non-Executive Director; Mr. Gawad Abaza Departs

Fri, 12 Jul 2024 14:28:12 GMT — Proshare
CADBURY Appoints Mr. Nigel Parsons As Non-Executive Director; Mr. Gawad Abaza Departs    Proshare read more

Ogaga Ologe resigns as Cadbury Nigeria’s finance director

Wed, 08 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Ogaga Ologe resigns as Cadbury Nigeria’s finance director    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria clinches 9 HR awards

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Vanguard News
Cadbury Nigeria clinches 9 HR awards    Vanguard News read more

Cadbury Finance Director, Ogaga Ologe resigns

Wed, 08 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Finance Director, Ogaga Ologe resigns    Nairametrics read more

Cadbury Nigeria Posts N7.32bn Net Loss in Q1

Thu, 02 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Posts N7.32bn Net Loss in Q1    MarketForces Africa read more

NSE Suspends Cadbury - Over N5bn Record Falsification

Sat, 22 Jun 2024 10:20:54 GMT — Proshare
NSE Suspends Cadbury - Over N5bn Record Falsification    Proshare read more

Cadbury cuts loss to N9.72bn in H1

Mon, 29 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
Cadbury cuts loss to N9.72bn in H1    Punch Newspapers read more

Kolade Harps on Adherence to Business Principles

Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — THISDAYLIVE
Kolade Harps on Adherence to Business Principles    THISDAYLIVE read more

Cadbury named overall winner in HR practices at CIPM awards

Thu, 14 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
Cadbury named overall winner in HR practices at CIPM awards    The Guardian Nigeria News read more

N11.5b foreign exchange loss plunges Cadbury Nigeria into loss for second year

Mon, 20 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — TheCable
N11.5b foreign exchange loss plunges Cadbury Nigeria into loss for second year    TheCable read more

Unilever and Cadbury Nigeria record impressive revenue growth in Q1 2023

Sun, 30 Apr 2023 07:00:00 GMT — Business Insider Africa
Unilever and Cadbury Nigeria record impressive revenue growth in Q1 2023    Business Insider Africa read more

Cadbury posts N13.9 billion pre-tax loss in H1 2024 but may exit loss by Year-End

Sat, 27 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury posts N13.9 billion pre-tax loss in H1 2024 but may exit loss by Year-End    Nairametrics read more

Cadbury Nigeria 2024 performance: Sweet revival or bittersweet recovery?

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Nigeria 2024 performance: Sweet revival or bittersweet recovery?    Nairametrics read more

NGX Weekly: Cadbury lists 402.1m additional shares, investors lose N54bn

Sat, 18 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
NGX Weekly: Cadbury lists 402.1m additional shares, investors lose N54bn    The Guardian Nigeria News read more

Cadbury Nigeria grows sales by 43% in Q1

Tue, 07 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
Cadbury Nigeria grows sales by 43% in Q1    The Nation Newspaper read more

TomTom Teams Up with Musical Sensations, Fireboy DML and The Cavemen, as Brand Ambassadors

Mon, 17 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Zikoko!
TomTom Teams Up with Musical Sensations, Fireboy DML and The Cavemen, as Brand Ambassadors    Zikoko! read more

Loan conversion: Cadbury lists 402 million shares on stock exchange

Sun, 19 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
Loan conversion: Cadbury lists 402 million shares on stock exchange    Punch Newspapers read more

Manufacturers’ three-month revenue rises 79% as prices soar

Fri, 26 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Manufacturers’ three-month revenue rises 79% as prices soar    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2023 Annual Report

Tue, 02 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2023 Annual Report    AfricanFinancials read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2023 Abridged Report

Mon, 29 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2023 Abridged Report    AfricanFinancials read more

Cadbury may go on offer following N27.63bn full year loss

Mon, 29 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Cadbury may go on offer following N27.63bn full year loss    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria’s Revenue Growth For 2024 QI Hits 43%

Wed, 08 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Brand Communicator
Cadbury Nigeria’s Revenue Growth For 2024 QI Hits 43%    Brand Communicator read more

How rising input cost trimmed Cadbury’s profit margin in 2022 -

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
How rising input cost trimmed Cadbury’s profit margin in 2022 -    Businessday NG read more

5 Best Consumer Staples Stocks in Nigeria

Mon, 20 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — AskTraders.com
5 Best Consumer Staples Stocks in Nigeria    AskTraders.com read more

TomTom Announces Musical Sensations, Fireboy and The Cavemen, as Brand Ambassadors

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT — THISDAYLIVE
TomTom Announces Musical Sensations, Fireboy and The Cavemen, as Brand Ambassadors    THISDAYLIVE read more

Cadbury Nigeria shareholders approve conversion of $7.7m debt to equity

Sat, 13 Apr 2024 14:10:25 GMT — TheCable
Cadbury Nigeria shareholders approve conversion of $7.7m debt to equity    TheCable read more

Exclusive Interview with Oyeyimika Adeboye: Cadbury Nigeria’s first female MD

Sun, 18 Oct 2020 07:00:00 GMT — Business Insider Africa
Exclusive Interview with Oyeyimika Adeboye: Cadbury Nigeria’s first female MD    Business Insider Africa read more

Audited Financial Statements for the Period Ended December 31st, 2023 - Cadbury Nigeria Plc

Tue, 02 Apr 2024 21:32:12 GMT — Proshare
Audited Financial Statements for the Period Ended December 31st, 2023 - Cadbury Nigeria Plc    Proshare read more

CACs report on Cadbury saga out soon

Wed, 06 Nov 2024 13:26:50 GMT — Proshare
CACs report on Cadbury saga out soon    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria swings to loss for first time in six years

Wed, 31 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Cadbury Nigeria swings to loss for first time in six years    Businessday NG read more

President Tinubu Felicitates with Former Cadbury Nigeria CEO, Bunmi Oni, at 70

Thu, 07 Sep 2023 07:00:00 GMT — African Business
President Tinubu Felicitates with Former Cadbury Nigeria CEO, Bunmi Oni, at 70    African Business read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) Q32023 Interim Report

Thu, 26 Oct 2023 07:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) Q32023 Interim Report    AfricanFinancials read more

MTN, BUA foods, Cadbury clear overseas debts as dollar supply improves

Wed, 08 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
MTN, BUA foods, Cadbury clear overseas debts as dollar supply improves    Punch Newspapers read more

Manufacturers’ borrowing costs almost triple in one year

Mon, 06 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Manufacturers’ borrowing costs almost triple in one year    Businessday NG read more

Meet Tolaram Group consolidating Africa’s footprint

Tue, 11 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Meet Tolaram Group consolidating Africa’s footprint    Businessday NG read more

Resolutions Passed at the EGM of Cadbury Nigeria Plc Held February 8th 2024

Fri, 16 Feb 2024 14:05:09 GMT — Proshare
Resolutions Passed at the EGM of Cadbury Nigeria Plc Held February 8th 2024    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria Jumps 42% after Debt for Equity Notice

Mon, 15 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Jumps 42% after Debt for Equity Notice    MarketForces Africa read more

INFLATION: Cost of sales in companies rise 29% to N5.4trn

Fri, 07 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Vanguard News
INFLATION: Cost of sales in companies rise 29% to N5.4trn    Vanguard News read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) HY2023 Interim Report

Wed, 26 Jul 2023 07:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) HY2023 Interim Report    AfricanFinancials read more

Cadbury Nigeria Shrinks Amid 81% Drop in Equity Capital

Mon, 13 Nov 2023 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Shrinks Amid 81% Drop in Equity Capital    MarketForces Africa read more

Cadbury Nigeria Loses N19.09bn in 2023

Wed, 03 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Loses N19.09bn in 2023    MarketForces Africa read more

Five manufacturers’ export sales rise 37% to N17bn

Fri, 12 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Five manufacturers’ export sales rise 37% to N17bn    Businessday NG read more

Cadbury Nigeria reports N19.09bn loss in 2023

Tue, 02 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT — PM News Nigeria
Cadbury Nigeria reports N19.09bn loss in 2023    PM News Nigeria read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2022 Abridged Report

Thu, 26 Jan 2023 08:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (CADBUR.ng) 2022 Abridged Report    AfricanFinancials read more

Cadbury suffers N19bn loss

Wed, 03 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
Cadbury suffers N19bn loss    Punch Newspapers read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc to Hold Board Meeting on March 28, 2024

Thu, 28 Mar 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria Plc to Hold Board Meeting on March 28, 2024    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria: Hopes rises from Q3 rebound

Sat, 06 Apr 2024 08:39:45 GMT — TheCable
Cadbury Nigeria: Hopes rises from Q3 rebound    TheCable read more

Cadbury Nigeria Introduces Tom Tom as the official Sponsors for The Nigerian Idol Season 8

Wed, 14 Jun 2023 07:00:00 GMT — BellaNaija
Cadbury Nigeria Introduces Tom Tom as the official Sponsors for The Nigerian Idol Season 8    BellaNaija read more

Cadbury Nigeria to sell 402m shares over $7.7m debt

Tue, 09 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Vanguard News
Cadbury Nigeria to sell 402m shares over $7.7m debt    Vanguard News read more

Cadbury Nigeria to sell 402m shares over inability to pay $7.7m debt

Wed, 10 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Vanguard News
Cadbury Nigeria to sell 402m shares over inability to pay $7.7m debt    Vanguard News read more

Cadbury Nigeria Down by 11%, Market Cap Shrinks to N31.7bn

Mon, 08 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Cadbury Nigeria Down by 11%, Market Cap Shrinks to N31.7bn    MarketForces Africa read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc reports N1.29 billion pre-tax profit for FY 2022

Tue, 28 Mar 2023 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Cadbury Nigeria Plc reports N1.29 billion pre-tax profit for FY 2022    Nairametrics read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc Declares Closed Period

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 14:45:56 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria Plc Declares Closed Period    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria Launches New Cadbury Bournvita Biscuit

Tue, 22 Nov 2022 08:00:00 GMT — Zikoko!
Cadbury Nigeria Launches New Cadbury Bournvita Biscuit    Zikoko! read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc (NGX:CADBURY) Stock Price, Profile, Annual Reports, Dividends

Wed, 09 Dec 2015 16:24:06 GMT — african markets
Cadbury Nigeria Plc (NGX:CADBURY) Stock Price, Profile, Annual Reports, Dividends    african markets read more

Fola Akande Retires as Company Secretary of Cadbury Nigeria Plc

Wed, 21 Feb 2024 18:12:36 GMT — Proshare
Fola Akande Retires as Company Secretary of Cadbury Nigeria Plc    Proshare read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc Notifies on Closed Period

Sun, 28 Aug 2022 07:43:09 GMT — Proshare
Cadbury Nigeria Plc Notifies on Closed Period    Proshare read more