BUAFOODS
BUAFOODS 418.00 NGN 0.00 ( 0.00 %)
Open
418.00
High
0.00
Low
0.00
Close
418.00
Year High
418.00
Year Low
373.50
Volumn
6,968
Value
2,621,361.50
Company News
BUA Foods to pay N234bn as final dividend
Thu, 03 Apr 2025 10:32:41 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods to pay N234bn as final dividend Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods shareholders get N13 dividend
Thu, 03 Apr 2025 02:32:34 GMT — Punch Newspapers
BUA Foods shareholders get N13 dividend Punch Newspapers read more
BUA Foods shareholders get N13 dividend
Thu, 03 Apr 2025 05:33:02 GMT — MSN
BUA Foods shareholders get N13 dividend MSN read more
BUA Foods Declares N13.00 Per Share Final Dividend For Registered Shareholders
Thu, 03 Apr 2025 07:33:47 GMT — Channels Television
BUA Foods Declares N13.00 Per Share Final Dividend For Registered Shareholders Channels Television read more
BUA Foods Seeks Board Approval of 2024 Audited Financial Statement
Mon, 31 Mar 2025 13:10:23 GMT — TV360 Nigeria
BUA Foods Seeks Board Approval of 2024 Audited Financial Statement TV360 Nigeria read more
BUA Foods PLC (BUAF.ng) 2024 Annual Report
Mon, 31 Mar 2025 15:59:05 GMT — AfricanFinancials
BUA Foods PLC (BUAF.ng) 2024 Annual Report AfricanFinancials read more
BUA Foods declares N13 final dividend
Tue, 01 Apr 2025 18:54:05 GMT — 21st CENTURY CHRONICLE
BUA Foods declares N13 final dividend 21st CENTURY CHRONICLE read more
BUA Foods signs Imas for milling expansion
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — World Grain
BUA Foods signs Imas for milling expansion World Grain read more
BUA Foods Slumps as Investors Exit Positions
Sun, 16 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods Slumps as Investors Exit Positions MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods sees huge revenue growth, hits N130bn despite challenges
Mon, 05 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Business Insider Africa
BUA Foods sees huge revenue growth, hits N130bn despite challenges Business Insider Africa read more
BUA Foods Plc FY 2024 Unaudited Report: Net Earnings Grew by Triple Digit Despite Soaring Energy Costs
Sat, 01 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc FY 2024 Unaudited Report: Net Earnings Grew by Triple Digit Despite Soaring Energy Costs Proshare read more
BUA Foods hits N1.5 trillion in revenue, profits soar 162% as it overtakes multinational competitors
Sun, 30 Mar 2025 06:21:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods hits N1.5 trillion in revenue, profits soar 162% as it overtakes multinational competitors Nairametrics read more
Equities Investors Gain N505bn as BUA Foods, ETERNA Rally
Wed, 19 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Equities Investors Gain N505bn as BUA Foods, ETERNA Rally MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods, Eterna, others spur NGX rally ahead of MPC decisions
Wed, 19 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods, Eterna, others spur NGX rally ahead of MPC decisions Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods, GTCO See Intraday Rally, NGX Index Jumps
Wed, 19 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods, GTCO See Intraday Rally, NGX Index Jumps MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods Bolsters Profit, EPS Rises by 145%
Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods Bolsters Profit, EPS Rises by 145% MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods expanding pasta plant in Nigeria
Thu, 26 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Bakingbusiness.com
BUA Foods expanding pasta plant in Nigeria Bakingbusiness.com read more
BUA Foods Hits Record High On 5.02% Free Float
Tue, 25 Feb 2025 14:23:43 GMT — MSN
BUA Foods Hits Record High On 5.02% Free Float MSN read more
BUA Foods Plc Declares N55.82bn PAT in Q1 2024 Results,(SP:N379.9)
Tue, 07 Jan 2025 08:33:54 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc Declares N55.82bn PAT in Q1 2024 Results,(SP:N379.9) Proshare read more
Equities Investors Lose N698bn as BUAFOODS, ARADEL, STANBIC Fall
Sat, 15 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
Equities Investors Lose N698bn as BUAFOODS, ARADEL, STANBIC Fall MarketForces Africa read more
Raw materials, high energy prices drive BUA Foods’ input cost
Thu, 06 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Raw materials, high energy prices drive BUA Foods’ input cost Businessday NG read more
BUAFOODS, FBNH, OANDO Record Early Gains in Equities Market
Mon, 26 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUAFOODS, FBNH, OANDO Record Early Gains in Equities Market MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods at 52-week High, 15m Shares Traded Off Market
Sat, 18 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods at 52-week High, 15m Shares Traded Off Market MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods suffers N188.7bn FX loss
Fri, 31 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
BUA Foods suffers N188.7bn FX loss Punch Newspapers read more
BUA Foods’ after-tax profit surges 91% on other income
Fri, 08 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods’ after-tax profit surges 91% on other income Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods Seeks Board Approval Of 2024 Audited Financial Statement
Wed, 12 Mar 2025 07:00:00 GMT — Channels Television
BUA Foods Seeks Board Approval Of 2024 Audited Financial Statement Channels Television read more
Investors’ wealth rises by N505b amid gains in BUAFoods, others
Thu, 20 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
Investors’ wealth rises by N505b amid gains in BUAFoods, others The Guardian Nigeria News read more
‘By 2026, we are going to be the biggest food producer,’ says BUA’s Abdul Samad Rabiu
Wed, 18 Dec 2024 08:00:00 GMT — The Africa Report.com
‘By 2026, we are going to be the biggest food producer,’ says BUA’s Abdul Samad Rabiu The Africa Report.com read more
BUA Foods’ bottom line booms as revenue hits N1.5trn in FY’24
Fri, 31 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessamlive
BUA Foods’ bottom line booms as revenue hits N1.5trn in FY’24 Businessamlive read more
BUA Foods posts N275bn profit
Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
BUA Foods posts N275bn profit Punch Newspapers read more
BUA Foods’ profit surges more than twofold to N274.9 billion
Fri, 31 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods’ profit surges more than twofold to N274.9 billion Businessday NG read more
All-Share climbs 938 points as BUAFOODS and other advancers rally; ACCESSCORP leads in volume
Thu, 20 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
All-Share climbs 938 points as BUAFOODS and other advancers rally; ACCESSCORP leads in volume Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods Plc Declares N201.39bn PAT in 9M 2024 Results; (SP: N394.90k)
Fri, 01 Nov 2024 11:13:27 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc Declares N201.39bn PAT in 9M 2024 Results; (SP: N394.90k) Proshare read more
BUA Foods revenue rises to N1.07tn
Fri, 01 Nov 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
BUA Foods revenue rises to N1.07tn Punch Newspapers read more
BUA Foods: Resilient Performance as Biting Cost Pressures Remain Prevalent
Tue, 05 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods: Resilient Performance as Biting Cost Pressures Remain Prevalent Proshare read more
BUA Foods awards dealers N2.4bn for performance
Wed, 08 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods awards dealers N2.4bn for performance Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods: Market undervaluing a Powerhouse, time to buy?
Tue, 18 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods: Market undervaluing a Powerhouse, time to buy? Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods Plc to Hold Annual General Meeting on September 26, 2024
Thu, 26 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc to Hold Annual General Meeting on September 26, 2024 Proshare read more
BUA Foods Plc 9M 2024 Result: Overcoming Price Effect as PBT Grows by +93.59%
Fri, 15 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc 9M 2024 Result: Overcoming Price Effect as PBT Grows by +93.59% Proshare read more
BUA Foods Plc to Increase Pasta Production Capacity by 400,000MTpa with FAVA Partnership
Thu, 10 Oct 2024 12:48:45 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc to Increase Pasta Production Capacity by 400,000MTpa with FAVA Partnership Proshare read more
For Nigeria’s BUA Foods, local sourcing a hedge against naira wobbles
Wed, 10 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Africa Report.com
For Nigeria’s BUA Foods, local sourcing a hedge against naira wobbles The Africa Report.com read more
BUA Foods grants N2.4bn to top-performing dealers
Thu, 09 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessamlive
BUA Foods grants N2.4bn to top-performing dealers Businessamlive read more
BUA Foods’ declining margins amid share price and earnings growth: Still a buy?
Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods’ declining margins amid share price and earnings growth: Still a buy? Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods soars 288% in Q4 pre-tax profit, as full-year revenue hits N1.5 trillion in 2024
Fri, 31 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods soars 288% in Q4 pre-tax profit, as full-year revenue hits N1.5 trillion in 2024 Nairametrics read more
Stock Market Recovers, Gains N505bn on Demand for BUA Foods, Others
Thu, 20 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — THISDAYLIVE
Stock Market Recovers, Gains N505bn on Demand for BUA Foods, Others THISDAYLIVE read more
BUA Foods Rewards Top Distributors with N2bn
Mon, 06 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — THISDAYLIVE
BUA Foods Rewards Top Distributors with N2bn THISDAYLIVE read more
BUA Foods to Hold Board Meeting on October 30, 2024
Wed, 30 Oct 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods to Hold Board Meeting on October 30, 2024 Proshare read more
BUA Foods Shareholders to Get N5.50 Dividend Per Share
Sun, 29 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods Shareholders to Get N5.50 Dividend Per Share MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods to Raise Milling Capacity by 3,200 Tonnes
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — TV360 Nigeria
BUA Foods to Raise Milling Capacity by 3,200 Tonnes TV360 Nigeria read more
BUA Foods reports N729bn revenue surge, announces N5.50 dividend
Thu, 26 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — PM News Nigeria
BUA Foods reports N729bn revenue surge, announces N5.50 dividend PM News Nigeria read more
BUA Foods to Expand its Wheat Flour Milling Capacity
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 18:15:27 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods to Expand its Wheat Flour Milling Capacity Proshare read more
BUA Foods expands capacity to reduce food scarcity
Wed, 25 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods expands capacity to reduce food scarcity Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods PLC (BUAF.ng) 2023 Annual Report
Tue, 02 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
BUA Foods PLC (BUAF.ng) 2023 Annual Report AfricanFinancials read more
Airtel Africa, BUA Foods, 11 others top trillion-naira club
Sat, 18 Jan 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Airtel Africa, BUA Foods, 11 others top trillion-naira club Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods Plc H1 2024 Result: Sales Growth Doubles by +109.51% Amidst Cost Pressures
Sat, 17 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc H1 2024 Result: Sales Growth Doubles by +109.51% Amidst Cost Pressures Proshare read more
BUA Foods Delivers Outstanding Revenue Of N1.53tn, PAT Rises By 145.2%
Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Brand Communicator
BUA Foods Delivers Outstanding Revenue Of N1.53tn, PAT Rises By 145.2% Brand Communicator read more
BUA Foods profit rises by 145.3% as revenue hits N1.53trn
Sun, 02 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods profit rises by 145.3% as revenue hits N1.53trn Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods grows profit to N130bn despite headwinds
Mon, 05 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
BUA Foods grows profit to N130bn despite headwinds Punch Newspapers read more
BUA Foods Reports Exceptional 2024FY Performance, Profit up by 145.3%
Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — THISDAYLIVE
BUA Foods Reports Exceptional 2024FY Performance, Profit up by 145.3% THISDAYLIVE read more
Analysis: BUA Foods’ first half 2024 results: A mixed bag for investors
Sun, 04 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Analysis: BUA Foods’ first half 2024 results: A mixed bag for investors Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods posts 24% profit growth in the second quarter of 2024 amidst N27.4 billion FX loss
Tue, 06 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods posts 24% profit growth in the second quarter of 2024 amidst N27.4 billion FX loss Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods set to build 4 new wheat milling plants
Mon, 02 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Vanguard News
BUA Foods set to build 4 new wheat milling plants Vanguard News read more
BUA Foods bags multiple awards
Sun, 03 Nov 2024 15:59:15 GMT — Marketing Edge Magazine
BUA Foods bags multiple awards Marketing Edge Magazine read more
BUA foods grows revenue to N1.07 trillion, gross profit rises 82% in nine months
Thu, 31 Oct 2024 13:22:48 GMT — Marketing Edge Magazine
BUA foods grows revenue to N1.07 trillion, gross profit rises 82% in nine months Marketing Edge Magazine read more
BUA Foods, IMAS Agree to Build 3200 Tonnes Wheat Flour Mills
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods, IMAS Agree to Build 3200 Tonnes Wheat Flour Mills MarketForces Africa read more
Dangote Cement, BUA Foods, 11 others see 97% surge in production cost
Mon, 19 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
Dangote Cement, BUA Foods, 11 others see 97% surge in production cost Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods Begins ‘Classy Adventure’ in Nigerian Equities Market
Tue, 27 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
BUA Foods Begins ‘Classy Adventure’ in Nigerian Equities Market MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods grow pre-tax profit by 94% to N215.6 billion in nine months
Thu, 31 Oct 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods grow pre-tax profit by 94% to N215.6 billion in nine months Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods posts N672.3bn in 2024 first half
Mon, 05 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Daily Trust
BUA Foods posts N672.3bn in 2024 first half Daily Trust read more
BUA Foods grows revenue to 1.07tn in nine months
Sat, 02 Nov 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
BUA Foods grows revenue to 1.07tn in nine months The Guardian Nigeria News read more
BUA Foods to boost pasta production capacity
Wed, 25 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
BUA Foods to boost pasta production capacity The Guardian Nigeria News read more
BUA Foods’ revenue surges to N1.52trn in 2024
Sun, 02 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Blueprint Newspapers Limited
BUA Foods’ revenue surges to N1.52trn in 2024 Blueprint Newspapers Limited read more
BUA Foods shatters earnings records with N1.07 trillion revenue, massive profit gains
Thu, 31 Oct 2024 07:00:00 GMT — PM News Nigeria
BUA Foods shatters earnings records with N1.07 trillion revenue, massive profit gains PM News Nigeria read more
BUA Foods grows revenue by 109% to N1.53tr
Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
BUA Foods grows revenue by 109% to N1.53tr The Nation Newspaper read more
BUA Foods to expand its wheat flour milling capacity to 2.5million MTpa, signs agreement with IMAS of Türkiye
Tue, 20 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Marketing Edge Magazine
BUA Foods to expand its wheat flour milling capacity to 2.5million MTpa, signs agreement with IMAS of Türkiye Marketing Edge Magazine read more
BUA Foods’ revenue hits N1.53tn
Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Daily Trust
BUA Foods’ revenue hits N1.53tn Daily Trust read more
BUA Foods Set to Boost Pasta Production Capacity by 400,000MTpa
Thu, 26 Sep 2024 16:25:07 GMT — Brand Times
BUA Foods Set to Boost Pasta Production Capacity by 400,000MTpa Brand Times read more
BUA Foods posts 1.07 trillion revenue in 9 months
Fri, 01 Nov 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Daily Trust
BUA Foods posts 1.07 trillion revenue in 9 months Daily Trust read more
BUA Foods Plc Declares N130.9bn PAT in H1 2024 Unaudited Results, (SP: N379.9k)
Mon, 05 Aug 2024 19:57:26 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc Declares N130.9bn PAT in H1 2024 Unaudited Results, (SP: N379.9k) Proshare read more
BUA Foods Expands Its Wheat Flour Milling Capacity To 2.5m Mtpa, Signs Agreement With IMAS Of Türkiye
Thu, 22 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Brand Communicator
BUA Foods Expands Its Wheat Flour Milling Capacity To 2.5m Mtpa, Signs Agreement With IMAS Of Türkiye Brand Communicator read more
CardinalStone Lifts Target Price for BUA Foods BY 14%
Tue, 28 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — MarketForces Africa
CardinalStone Lifts Target Price for BUA Foods BY 14% MarketForces Africa read more
BUA Foods, Tier-1 banks boost stock market by 0.07%
Tue, 27 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — 21st CENTURY CHRONICLE
BUA Foods, Tier-1 banks boost stock market by 0.07% 21st CENTURY CHRONICLE read more
BUA Foods Plc Q1 2024 Result: Finance Costs Soar +611.74% on the Back of Rising Interest Rates
Sat, 18 May 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Proshare
BUA Foods Plc Q1 2024 Result: Finance Costs Soar +611.74% on the Back of Rising Interest Rates Proshare read more
BUA Foods boosts pasta production with 400,000MTpa
Thu, 26 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Daily Trust
BUA Foods boosts pasta production with 400,000MTpa Daily Trust read more
Food security: BUA Foods To Boost Pasta Production Capacity By 400,000MTpa, Signs Agreement With Fava
Tue, 24 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Brand Communicator
Food security: BUA Foods To Boost Pasta Production Capacity By 400,000MTpa, Signs Agreement With Fava Brand Communicator read more
BUA Foods, IMAS agree to build 3200 tonnes wheat flour mills
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — 21st CENTURY CHRONICLE
BUA Foods, IMAS agree to build 3200 tonnes wheat flour mills 21st CENTURY CHRONICLE read more
BUA Foods expands with 3,200-tonne wheat flour factories
Thu, 22 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Daily Trust
BUA Foods expands with 3,200-tonne wheat flour factories Daily Trust read more
Dangote Cement, BUA Foods and BUA Cement account for 37% of the Top 30 in West Africa
Thu, 08 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — AfricanFinancials
Dangote Cement, BUA Foods and BUA Cement account for 37% of the Top 30 in West Africa AfricanFinancials read more
BUA Foods grows H1 profit by 38% as revenue hits N672.3bn
Mon, 05 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA Foods grows H1 profit by 38% as revenue hits N672.3bn Businessday NG read more
Weekly Market Wrap: All-Share Index soars 0.41% in week 3 as Dangote Sugar and BUA Foods rally
Sun, 23 Feb 2025 08:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
Weekly Market Wrap: All-Share Index soars 0.41% in week 3 as Dangote Sugar and BUA Foods rally Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods signs deal to build four wheat milling factories in Nigeria
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods signs deal to build four wheat milling factories in Nigeria Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods signs deal with Italian firm to increase pasta production capacity to 900k MTpa
Tue, 24 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Nairametrics
BUA Foods signs deal with Italian firm to increase pasta production capacity to 900k MTpa Nairametrics read more
BUA Foods’ PAT up 415% in H1
Wed, 07 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Nation Newspaper
BUA Foods’ PAT up 415% in H1 The Nation Newspaper read more
BUA Foods, ASR Africa donate N10m, foodstuffs to widows
Thu, 20 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Punch Newspapers
BUA Foods, ASR Africa donate N10m, foodstuffs to widows Punch Newspapers read more
BUA Foods Revenue Grows by 82% In Nine Months
Thu, 31 Oct 2024 10:36:41 GMT — Brand Times
BUA Foods Revenue Grows by 82% In Nine Months Brand Times read more
BUA sets up N10m fund for palliative intervention
Thu, 04 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Businessday NG
BUA sets up N10m fund for palliative intervention Businessday NG read more
BUA Foods’ shareholders approve N5.50k Dividend, commend 2023 results
Thu, 26 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Marketing Edge Magazine
BUA Foods’ shareholders approve N5.50k Dividend, commend 2023 results Marketing Edge Magazine read more
BUA Foods to expand wheat flour milling capacity to 2.5m tonnes yearly
Mon, 26 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — The Guardian Nigeria News
BUA Foods to expand wheat flour milling capacity to 2.5m tonnes yearly The Guardian Nigeria News read more
BUA to expand wheat flour milling capacity
Wed, 21 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Tribune Online
BUA to expand wheat flour milling capacity Tribune Online read more
2024 First Half Report: BUA Foods Hits 38% Profit Growth, Rakes In N672.3bn Revenue
Mon, 05 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT — Brand Communicator
2024 First Half Report: BUA Foods Hits 38% Profit Growth, Rakes In N672.3bn Revenue Brand Communicator read more